By Charles H. Cox III
In contrast to books that concentrate on the units utilized in hyperlinks, corresponding to lasers and photodiodes, between others, this article specializes in the following point. It covers the gathering of units that shape a hyperlink, how the person gadget functionality impacts the hyperlink functionality, or the opposite. Analog hyperlinks are used for the distribution of cable television indications, and in conveying the indications to and from antennas (so referred to as antenna remoting). The layout of analog hyperlinks differs considerably from electronic hyperlinks that are essentially utilized in telecommunications.
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Example text
Conceptually we could choose any laser for direct modulation; the choice is primarily influenced by the bandwidth, optical wavelength and efficiency of impressing the modulation onto the laser’s output. The only laser to date that has demonstrated sufficient bandwidth and efficiency to be of practical interest for direct modulation is the semiconductor diode laser. These lasers come in many configurations: for example with the cavity in the plane of the semiconductor wafer or perpendicular to it, with planar end facets or wavelength-selective gratings to 1 Throughout this book we will be working in both the optical and electrical domains.
18) is that a dc parameter – the average optical power, PI – enters into the equation for an incremental parameter – the slope efficiency, smz . Thus the laser/modulator combination is analogous to a transistor in which the incremental transconductance of a bipolar transistor depends linearly on the dc collector current (Gray and Searle, 1969). The linear dependence of external modulation slope efficiency on optical power is in sharp contrast with the virtual independence of direct modulation slope efficiency on average optical power.
Thus one way to view stimulated emission is as a form of positive gain. An analogous statement holds for stimulated absorption, which results in negative gain or loss. These two processes are going on in parallel so the one that dominates is the one that has the larger reservoir of carriers. To produce laser light from a semiconductor requires a structure where an inverted population consisting of both electrons and holes can be set up so that stimulated emissions dominate over stimulated absorptions.